As you know, the Sun emits a stream of electrically-charged particles, which are responsible for the beautiful [Northern Lights](https://i.imgur.com/8DMPaBz.jpg).
The area of the atmosphere these lights occur in is called the *ionosphere,* so named because it’s filled with ionized air due to the Sun’s particles. Shortwave radio is exactly the right frequency that, when the waves hit the inner surface of the ionosphere, they bounce off and return to Earth. This permits shortwave radio to travel a lot farther than you’d expect, allowing radio operators in America to speak to people on the other side of the world.
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