Force = mass X acceleration
Force here is how badly you get hurt.
Mass is how much you weigh.
Acceleration is how quickly you change speed. In the case of jumping, how quickly you go from falling to a total dead stop on the ground.
Since you can’t magically change how much you weight in an instant, the only thing you can do to reduce the force you land with is to increase the amount of time it takes you to go from moving to being stopped.
The trucks and wheels on a skateboard do just that. They compress a little bit which slows your change of speed down. It’s not a huge amount but it can be enough to mean the difference between getting hurt and being ok.
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