How does AC electricity transfer energy if the electrons just go back and forth, and don’t actually go anywhere?
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The energy isn’t transferred through the motion of the electrons (mostly). The energy is transferred through the electro magnetic fields.
A physical example: take a rope and pull it taut between your hands. Move one hand up and down rapidly. You should feel some force on the other hand. The rope vibrating back and forth transmits energy even though the rope isn’t going anywhere.
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