It runs a pump that moves hot gas out and lets cold gas/fluid in.
More specifically, is uses the property that increase in pressure of a substance also increases its temperature, and that the temperature between two materials will always try to equalize.
The pump moves a *refrigerant* (a fluid that increases in temperature with pressure more than others) inside your AC to the outside unit, where it increases in pressure and heats up warmer than the temperature outside. It cools off until it’s the same temperature as outside, then comes back to the indoor unit where the pressure and consequently temperature are reduced dramatically. The refrigerant then absorbs the heat from inside and repeats the cycle.
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