How does bandwidth on a private server work?

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I’m comparing server hosts, and it lists specs for public and private bandwidth:

* Public: 1Gbit/s unmetered
* Private: 2Gbit/s unmetered

I figured out (I think) that unmetered means unlimited? I still have no idea what any of this means. What is public and private? What are the gbits for? How does this affect the use of my server or things I’m hosting on it by others? What even is bandwidth anyway? I don’t get it. Please explain it to me like I’m 5.

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The unmetered usually means that the traffic is not billed, and the idea to have a higher speed for the private network (e.g. backend network) is related to the situation where you have more than one VM (virtual machine) within that account. In this case, the internal communication between the VMs has a higher speed, that allows you to have a quick connection within the backend network (e.g. databases, storing instances,…)