Lets start on the Left side of the heart in your left ventricle. This part of the heart pumps the blood to your entire body at high pressure via first the large arteries, which branch into smaller arteries, then into smaller arterioles, which then branch into capillaries which are so small they only allow blood cells to pass through single file.
Then your blood passes through these capillaries into the venules, which then converge into small veins, which converge into large veins, which then return to the right side of the heart via the right atrium, which goes into the right ventricle, which then pumps the blood at higher pressure again into the lungs. The lung vessels follow the same pattern but its all much shorter cause then it returns to to the left sife of the heart via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, then into the left ventricle then is off back to the body.
The veins in the body have one way valves to prevent backwards flow since its a low.pressure system.
Thats the absolute basics.
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