The charge comes from the screen. The screens are layered with an electrically conductive transparent material called iron tin oxide. When your finger (or any conductor) touches the screen, a very small amount of charge gets moved to your finger, and this causes a voltage drop at that part of the screen. This small, localized voltage drop is how the screen knows what part of the screen you touch. There are a couple different ways that different screens detect where the voltage drop is. But that’s the gist of it.
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