Containment means having a perimeter around the fire that it won’t be able to get past. A circle. Usually this means relying on natural barriers like roads or rivers but also things like clearcutting sections of forest to keep the fire from spreading.
X% containment means how much of that circle is in place. If they have half a circle, it’s 50%. If they only have a tiny bit, it might be 4%.
When you see tankers dropping fire retardent or water, they are sometimes helping establish part of this containment, but are also often just protecting structures or fighting hotspots.
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