This is a huge topic, and there are many different things that can go into a VFX shot, so it’s hard to cover it all in an answer for ELI5. But essentially, it is combining visual elements from different sources into a final shot. Those elements can be live footage from the set, CGI (3D images created in a computer), animations, etc. These then have to be put together correctly to make everything look right. This is almost exclusively done on computers nowadays. They have to do things like get rid of blue/green screen, isolate things frame by frame when there isn’t green screen (called rotoscoping). The CGI has to be created to look real and animated. They often do simulations on computers to make realistic looking water and fire. There is a lot of work to be done for every shot, so it often takes big teams of people to do it all
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