Hey, aerospace engineer here. There’s a long complicated aerodynamic explanation but here’s the short of it.
ELI5: at the point where air meets the surface of the blade, the speed of the air is zero. Therefore, a piece of dust on the surface is not being blown anywhere. When you spin the blade through the air, it slams dust particles onto the blade, and those particles don’t get blown anywhere.
This is similar to why water accumulates on a windshield even though you’re travelling at 60 mph.
Edit: after talking it through with another reddit, I was off a bit. The airspeed is zero, but the horizontal forces is not. The likely cause for sticking is that the dust particles are not large enough for the air pressure to blow the dust off the fan. Perhaps there is an upper limit to the amount of dust that can accumulate, at which point the surface area is big enough for the forces to blow it off.
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