How does eating the right amount of food (carbs/protein/fats) directly attribute to muscle recovery and growth if you workout frequently?
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I wouldn’t say the right amount. Instead enough excess to gain mass. If you eat too much you’ll bulk up with excess fat. Muscles actually grow bigger with resistance and that’s what the extra calories are for. And just having a killer workout, especially cardio will deplete resources that must be replaced with food and water
You only need more fuel than you burn, such that your body can utilise excess protein to repair muscle damage, causing growth. If you put in less fuel (calories) than you burn, and if you don’t already have excess fuel (far stores) your body has no resources to build more material, as it’s all spent maintaining what you have, and you won’t gain additional muscle mass.
People go further to monitor fat and carb ratios for aesthetics. If fats or carbs are better filler sources isn’t a debate I want to get into, and the answer will change next year, like it does every year.
I’m going to simplify a bit and probably get some things short or wrong but anyway.
So each macro has an important use. When you exercise you use energy in two ways short term energy bursts in the form of ATP, and long form energy stored in the muscle as glycogen (a water carbohydrate compound). You also cause damage to the muscle tissue. Stretch and tear the fibers. This is what causes soreness and opens up the muscle to be rebuilt stronger and bigger.
When you eat carbs a few things happen, your body will use those carbs for immediate energy, will use the carbs to replenish glycogen stores for use later, and store excess energy as adipose tissue(body fat).
When you eat protein the body will split those proteins and use them to rebuild that damaged muscle. Excess protein will be stored as adipose tissue.
When you eat fat the body will break it down into fatty acids and will use it throughout the body for various purposes. Excess fat is stored as adipose tissue.
When it comes to eating the “right” amount, it really depends on the person and the activity. People who are looking to build maximum muscle will want to prioritize proteins, recommend 1g/lb of body weight. People that are doing endurance exercises will want to eat more carbs to stay replenished.
ELI5; macros are building blocks and depending on the structure you want to build you might want to use some blocks more than others
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