How can the chats between two devices be encrypted without them sharing the same key through the server.
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Encryption tends to have two “keys”, one to encrypt, one do decrypt. Both are necessary for the process by design. So, if you want to receive an encrypted message, you hand someone your encryption key, and they can send you messages with that encryption. Meanwhile, you keep the decryption key for yourself, so no one else has it. These messages are now messages *only you* can read.
If you send them messages, you grab their encryption key, encrypt the message with it, and send it to them so they can use their own personal decryption key.
That’s the basic concept. Everything beyond that is working out the specifics of handling key generation / message handling / 3rd party interactions / etc. But the core principle remains the same usually.
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