A flashbang does just that: It makes a flash and a bang. Usually this is done by burning a metal powder such as magnesium or aluminum mixed with a solid oxidizer. As the metal burns it produces a lot of light and a rapid expansion of gasses which is allowed to escape the grenade housing as a loud bang sound (a fragmentation grenade would trap the expanding gasses until they caused the housing to explode, throwing deadly fragments).
The bright flash will overwhelm the eyes causing temporary blindness, and the loud sound can cause temporary deafness and even disturb the inner ear and impact balance. Overall most people find flashbangs very disorienting and they can give attackers an advantage in a crucial moment.
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