It just burns like any other accelerant.
A modern cartridge consists of 4 components.
A primer, a case, the gunpowder, and the bullet.
The primer is the detonator. When the firing pin of the gun hits it, it makes a small spark.
That spark sets the gunpowder on fire.
The gunpowder burns very fast and somewhat violently, creating a huge amount of gas that rapidly expands inside the case.
The pressure from the gas pushes the bullet out of the case (it is held in by a very tight friction fit) and down the barrel of the gun at tremendous speed.
How it works is just burning really fast.
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