In the early game, top players are choosing between known “openings” that have various tactical advantages and disadvantages. Once into the midgame, they are thinking multiple moves ahead like OP discussed, but also using their experience and knowledge of overall strategy to know what types of positions tend to yield advantages (like losing a piece but gaining a better position). In the endgame with just a few pieces left, they can end up thinking about 10 to 20 moves ahead because it’s possible to calculate all the variations.
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