How does inbreeding in humans cause birth defects?
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Imagine you have a few flavors of ice cream. Now, each time you go get the ice cream, you mix different flavors, creating new flavors with a random chance that that new mix of flavors produces a never before seen flavor (genetic mutations which fuel evolution). Now, imagine you just mix two flavors of same/basically same kind. You’d get the same flavor. The problem arises that in case of mixing same flavors here, you aren’t getting any new flavors, quite the opposite, the flavors gets more and more concentrated, so if your recipe had any issues, those issues are just going to become worse and worse the more of same flavor you add.
Not an expert on the topic as you can tell but this is as simple as id manage to explain what I got from the topic. Basically, you need genetic variety, for DNA and chromosomes to mix because if you have to similar genes, they cant connect properly and you get all kind of issues. I also mentioned that ‘concentration of flavor’ is bad, for example you can look at Hapsburgs chin. Each new generation of Hapsburgs had progressively worse cases of humongous chins which made them famous because of inbreeding.
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