The ink used in tattoos is permanent and not broken down by the bodies natural defences. But when its temperature is raised, it changes its chemical structure, shatters into tiny fragments and then it becomes vulnerable.
So the laser just uses pulses of energy to raise the temperature of the ink so that it shatters. Then, over the weeks following treatment, the body’s immune system naturally flushes the tattoo ink particles away from the location, lightening the appearance of the tattoo. Each laser treatment breaks down more and more of the tattoo ink until the body has flushed all of it away.
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