Pretend you just bought some lettuce (your computer did a DNS lookup) and you put it in the fridge (cached the response).
If you are hungry for lettuce (ie/ visit the same website), you go to the fridge for lettuce, not back to the store.
You need to use the lettuce before it goes off (cache time to live (TTL)). If it has gone off, you throw it in the compost (cache expired).
If you suspect the lettuce is bad before the expiry date, you can choose to put it in the compost early (clear the cache) and go back to the store to buy new lettuce (get a fresh DNS lookup response).
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