How does microphone gain work
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The microphone turns the vibrations that make up sound into an electric signal, in the form of a voltage, which gets fed into an amplifier. The amplifier is connected to a voltage source (read: it’s plugged into the wall) that has a voltage much greater than the voltage it’s getting from the microphone. So what it does is look at the voltage from the microphone and give that signal some additional voltage from the socket. It’s a multiplier, so if it’s a gain of, 10, it’ll turn a 5 V signal into 50 V signal and a 2.5 V into 25 V and so on, but it cannot go above the voltage that it’s getting from the wall socket. Anyway, the more voltage you have, the more power you have. So whenever this new voltage signal is sent to a speaker, which is the opposite of a microphone — it turns voltages into vibrations, than that bigger voltage allows it to make bigger vibrations.
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