Assuming there are 12 000 different block states this means that 14 bits are needed per block and hence one monecraft world needs 60 000 000 × 60 000 000 × 385 × 14 = 1.9404 × 10^19 bits or 2.425 billion Gibibytes. Where does all these data get stored?
Minecraft saves only explored areas, uses compressed data in chunks (small areas loaded as you explore), and limits world height to save storage space on your computer. This way, even huge worlds stay manageable.
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