Typically banks will order the money from the mint in bulk. The banks then use these bills to refill their ATMs and when people withdraw money from the bank, like shops refilling their change. Damaged nots that are turned into the banks are returned to the mint and destroyed.
A lot of mints even have a public web shop where you can buy newly minted money. The famous ones are the US mint where you can buy things like sheets of uncut bills as well as stacks of $2 bills. Other countries mints have similar web shops.
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