How does my device know how much battery it has left?
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You can measure the voltage of the battery to get its charge. As the battery is discharged the voltage it can deliver is reduced. For example a full alkaline battery is able to deliver 1.6V but this is reduced to 1.1V when it is depleted. By measuring the voltage and looking it up in a table describing the characteristics of the battery the device is able to calculate how much battery charge there is left.
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