For example. Fiber. What makes someone able to host a fiber connection. Is everything accesible at fiber speeds undoubtedly connected via fiber connection somwhere along the line? When accessing a website hosted on a non fiber connection, do networks pull cached versions for faster results?
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there is always a bottleneck in every network connection. that’s the one thing that limits your download speed.
it might be the internet connection to your house, it might be your computer. it might be your WiFi signal is too weak or there’s too much activity on it.
your ISP has a lot of bandwidth, they only sell some of it to you. if everyone on the same isp is using all their allocated bandwidth, the isp might not have enough bandwidth to cope, so might become the bottleneck.
the website might be the bottleneck if their isp doesn’t give them a lot of bandwidth. if a lot of people are hitting the site at the same time, they might not be able to serve requests very fast. most websites are hosted on professional services, however, like aws or azure. big data centers with lots of bandwidth available. it’s unlikely you’ll run into limitations on a site hosted like this, although they might run into data limit caps if they suddenly become popular.
in addition, a website might put as much as it can into a content delivery network, or cdn. for example, any images, static styles, html templates might all go on there. a cdn’s job is to serve parts of a website to you as fast as it can, from a location as near to you as possible. it’s a cache of sorts that the website explicitly uses. it’s entire existence is based on it having lots of bandwidth.
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