When a cellphone needs to reach another cellphone halfway across the world, it first connects to nearby cell towers. These towers are identified by unique codes. The cellphone then registers with its home carrier’s network. When a call or message is sent, it travels through the home network to reach the destination. If the destination is on a different network or in another country, the request is routed through international connections until it reaches the right network and cellphone. This process uses global standards and agreements between carriers to ensure connections are made accurately and efficiently.
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