Edit: More about how two towers figure out which cellphones need to be connected to each other
In: Technology
The antenna in your phone is not directional, radio waves go in every direction away from you.
So the phone does not need to know where this tower is, it can just send radoawaves and knows some tower will pick it up(reality is a a bit more complex and there is a back and fort).
The tower acts a bit like an internet router then, they are in a network for a provider and country and have routing tables that tell what number can be found in what network and this signal is send over traditional ground wires like normal phine calls too then.
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