How does our brain keep track of time?

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Last night I went to bed sorta late and forgot to set an alarm, but I remember thinking it’d be nice to wake up around nine.

I woke up at EXACTLY 9 AM – literally to a minute. Could be a coincidence, except I do tend to wake up around nine on most days, with or without an alarm. Only exceptions are when I go to bed extremely late and force my body to take longer to recover, I suppose.

Made me think of my late Grandma who kept telling me how she can set an alarm in her head and wake up at any time she wants. I always thought it’s bullshit.

I mean, if that was true, how would that even work? Time is a concept, and a relatively new one at that; IIRC we only started really counting minutes and seconds around the Industrial Revolution? Of course there’s sunrises and sunsets and the whole natural circadian rhytm thing, but most people are detached from it anyway.

Does our brain learn to count hours and minutes somehow because our lives revolve around that so much? Is it all just a big ol’ bias of some sort?

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4 Answers

Anonymous 0 Comments

Our brains have a built-in mechanism for keeping track of time, which is called the circadian rhythm. This is a biological process that helps our bodies regulate various functions, including sleep and wakefulness, over a 24-hour period. This process is driven by the release of certain hormones, such as melatonin, in response to changes in light exposure.
In addition to the circadian rhythm, our brains also have other mechanisms for keeping track of time. For example, our brains can use sensory information, such as the position of the sun in the sky or the sound of a clock ticking, to estimate the passage of time. Our brains are also able to use past experiences to predict how long certain events should take, which can help us keep track of time in the absence of external cues.
It’s possible that your ability to wake up at a specific time without an alarm is due to your brain’s ability to keep track of time using these mechanisms. It’s also possible that your brain has learned to anticipate when you usually wake up and has adjusted your sleep patterns accordingly.
Overall, our ability to keep track of time is a combination of biological processes and learned behaviors, and it’s an important part of how we function in the world.

Anonymous 0 Comments

Old grandfather clocks kept track of time using the constant period of oscillation of a swinging pendulum.

Many biological processes also exhibit a very regular, periodic pattern. Rise and fall in the level of metabolic activities, hormones, bran waves, etc.

Plus, while the clock has no way to adjust any drift caused by random chance, the brain can use external stimuli as reference markers and fine-tune its internal state accordingly.

That’s why people with a regular, predictable schedule (your grandma is likely one of them) generally have no trouble waking up at almost the exact same time everyday, but people who have cut off all connections with reality and go to sleep at weird ass hours have great difficulty waking up on time.

Anonymous 0 Comments

I cannot specify the mechanism. I can only say that practice makes perfect. I’ve not needed an alarm clock since I was a child. Every once in awhile I’ll set an alarm if there’s a massively important event at an unusual time on a given night or day, but I invariably wake a few minutes before it.

I think it goes like this. You’ve been living with the clock all your life. It has become part of your subconscious. All you need do is train yourself to access it.

Anonymous 0 Comments

My dad told me when he was younger he used to thump his forehead with a his fingers, once for every hour until he wanted to wake up.