I work for a company that makes paint. There’s 3 basic components to paint. You’re asking about the pigment. Pigment comes in 2 basic types organic and inorganic. Organics can be various hydrocarbons in modern days but originally were from natural things like crushed flowers- ochre, violet stuff like that. Inorganic examples are titanium dioxide (white) or crushed carbon (black).
In automotive paint you get another level added, metals and mica. These provide the travel you see that a color shifts from one angle to another. Metal is what it sounds like- flakes of different metals like aluminum that suspend in the paint. Mica is more of a colored powder that does the same. They can give you that flash of another color when the light hits it.
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