By trial and error, and experimentation.
For a simple example, if you know that higher air pressure means more friction, and a lower terminal velocity, then you would have to find a way to slap in these three values in a way so that they affect each other in just the right way.
You write as a tentative formula, like “Terminal Velocy = Mass / Air Density”, and then you do a bunch of tests to see if it gives you sensical values. Then, you go so close, that the next step is to use it to predict stuff, and refine the finer details.
Science is about 90% trial & error, and 10% random freakin’ luck.
Latest Answers