Perfect pitch is when a person can hear a note and tell you what that note is without having to reference any other source.
They will also be able to produce the exact tone when given a note to sing without reference.
That is more or less what it is. I don’t really understand what you mean by ‘how does it work’ because it’s just the brain’s ability to do that.
Like if you have proper colour vision, you see something red and you go ‘oh that’s red’ except that in perfect pitch, it’s with sound. How else can you explain ‘how’ that works?
A lot of people mistake perfect pitch for relative pitch, which many many people have and isn’t too uncommon or special. Relative pitch is when you hear a note or tune, and can transpose it to another key without problems.
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