I think a lot of people are answering most of the questions but there’s a little something missing: how does it eat away a metal?
Basically rust is a *different* metal. When the reaction happens to form it, a tiny bit of the iron in the original metal gets converted to rust. So now there is less metal and more rust. Over time, ALL of the metal may get converted to rust.
The rust isn’t really “eating away” the metal. The trick is iron really likes to “stick” to itself so it’s tough and hard. Iron Oxide (what rust is) is NOT that “sticky”, and is very prone to crumbling or falling apart. So as more and more of the metal converts to rust, it’s also turning into something that’s crumbly. Over time stuff wears down the rust, and it makes it look like it’s eating the metal.
But technically it’s more like how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly. The iron is becoming a very crumbly butterfly.
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