It’s the difference between being able to read a paragraph and writing one. You can read language that you’re familiar with and get the author’s meaning (even if they use a word you’ve not seen before, you can get the gist). Writing a paragraph properly is “hard” by comparison.
And that’s for a language you’re native in. Now take a language where you have a simple subset of the vocabulary and a basic understanding. You can pick out meaning from the words you know, look up any you don’t. But actually writing something in that language would be very difficult and involve a lot of looking up words you don’t know how to translate. Speaking would be a magnitude more difficult, because you can’t stop and take that time to research how to say each word or phrase you don’t know.
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