>Is it just a pattern of chemical reactions that starts changing the body around the same time?
It’s just that, although it doesn’t really “know” when to start. Growing up is a continuous process we take part of since the second we’re born. Our DNA encodes information about what each part is supposed to do. The endocrine system is constantly monitoring the body and secretes hormones in response to different signals. At some point, you will have grown enough for puberty to start, and that’s an instruction encoded in your genetics the same way it encodes your eye color or nose shape. Think of it as part of a very long process that only ends around the time you’re 25-ish.
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