How does the brain perform complex operations without logic gates?

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Given how neurons just carry impulses around like wires, with only an input and an output, how can these signals amount to conscious thought without some form of logic gates like in computers?

It appears to be a result greater than the sum of its parts. How can this be?

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It’s important to recognize the a neuron has internal state, created by the levels of neurotransmitter chemicals inside them. When a neuron receives a signal, that signal alters the levels of the neurotransmitters inside it, which can cause it alter the signals it is sending out. This allows for the creation of complex behaviours without logic gates as the system has built in feedback loops with adjust behaviours based on previous inputs.

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