Most countries have a state mapping agency. They are responsible for keeping track of geological features such as roads and buildings. Most of these roads are submitted to the state mapping agency from the local governments who built the road or approved the construction. Google is able to buy their maps from the state mapping agency, often through a third party company specializing in buying and selling map data all over the world. The only thing Google needs to do is to host the data as it is already collected for them.
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