All the answers about it watching how you interact with the page or move your mouse are likely mostly wrong. Maybe it looks at some of that, but I’m not convinced.
In reality, it seems to look at as much about your browsing history as it can to make certain determinations. With reCAPTCHA, most of the time, you won’t have to do anything other than click the box. But if you want to guarantee that you get a further challenge, try using incognito mode. With incognito mode, all of the cookie history and other history Google has on you (reCAPTCHA is Google owned) is no longer accessible. The CAPTCHA has no data to determine who or what you are, so it is much more likely to present a further challenge beyond just the check box, and your immediate interactions with the website can be no different. This is telling me that they are using your browsing history as a much more important input than what you’ve been doing on the website.
And as to your questions about AIs being able to easily do them, yes that is a growing issue, which is why we are getting [completely ridiculous CAPTCHAS now](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppM_7-uTH14). reCAPTCHA has actually been long used to train datasets, first OCR, and later AI models at Google. Because of this, the AIs have gotten very good at them because that was the whole idea they were going with. Going with ridiculous things like the “horse made of clouds” thing from the video I linked is all because AIs have gotten too good as solving them, so they have to make them so off the wall that there’s no way AIs have been trained on it yet.
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