The water goes through a tube to a resistor (which is a piece of metal that becomes hot using electricity). What makes it fast is the small size of the tube : only a small amount of water is in contact with the resistor at a given time.
You can easily make a few drops of water boil in seconds if you drop them on a hot stove. That’s the same principle. What takes time is to boil a large amount of water, but an expression machine only uses a small amount of water every second, so it’s easy to boil it rapidly.
I hope this was clear, tell me if it wasn’t.
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