A guitar has six strings, traditionally. There’s a related instrument called bass (or bass guitar to be specific) that has four strings.
Guitars basically have three main varieties. The vast majority have 6 strings. You can buy a 7 string, which has one extra string for playing lower notes. It’s tuned lower than the other six strings.
You can also buy a 12 string, where each of the usual six strings is actually a pair of strings. The two strings in each pair are tuned to the same note, one octave apart. You play both strings in a pair at the same time. The idea is that by playing the octave, you get a “fuller” sound.
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