When you first make a computer from scratch, there is nothing in storage, however it has a small computer in the motherboard that acts as a Basic Input Output System. The BIOS allows you to change settings on the hardware, and also launch boot drives.
So you plug in a USB/CD with the OS inside and the BIOS will recognise this as something that could run. So you just choose it in the BIOS, and then you’ll start running the program on the drive.
Some security OS’ can run completely off of a USB drive, so you don’t leave traces of what you did on the computer. However windows will send you to an installer program, which will move the files to the main storage so you don’t need the drive.
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