It doesn’t really. However your brain and nerves have a layer of tissue around them that prevent them from getting infected by rabies through the blood. So rabies can only enter the nervous system at peripherial nerve endings, near the site of the initial wound and from there it only has one way to go.
Of course if a big nerve bundle or your spine or brain gets directly punctured that kindof bypasses that protective layer, but at that point you have a bit more severe problem in the short term.
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