For one, they aren’t truly flat, though the changes in elevation are usually quite subtle. For another, the woods used are chosen for being dense and springy – often wood of the Maple tree, though it’s plausible to use others. Maple wood can take a lot of abuse, and springy enough to not dent easily, though over time, bowling lanes need resurfacing and refinishing before being replaced.
It’s also noteworthy that bowlers who play professionally or passionately use less impactful techniques. Launching the ball in an arc that lands hard on the lane is harder to get controlled results, and uses more energy in the impact than a more parallel shot that is gentler on the facility. Some bowling alleys will guide inexperienced players to the more worn out lanes and preserve the better condition lanes for pro players.
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