There’s wind turbulence, and also pressure differentials. You know how things expand as they get got? Well, if the atmosphere expands (or contracts) due to heat differentials, then the plane will encounter thicker, or less dense air. Less dense air causes it to fall, thicker air allows it to climb more easily. Rapidly encountering pockets of hot or cool air, like you’ll find Iin turbulent conditions, means planes shudder and jolt, as you’d expect.
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