How does two factor authentication with phone authenticator apps work? How does the website know you’ve entered the correct temporary code?

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Two factor authentication is so important in the modern internet. As far as I know, it makes it extremely difficult to hack into an account, even if you have the password. But how does it work? How does this random website know that I’ve entered the temporary code from my authenticator app correctly?

Like, 2fa with email or text is simple, but how, specifically, do the authenticator apps on phones work?

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