How does volume work on computers? How does my computer bring the volume up or down?
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Sound is made of waves. Each component wave has to parts: the amplitude, which determines the loudness and the frequency that determines the pitch. A speaker is basically just a voltage controlled drum head, and the electrical signal sent from the computer makes the diaphragms move back and forth fast enough to recreate the original sound waves. To increase the volume, the amplitude of the electrical signal is increased, which makes the diagram move farther in and out, creating larger waves in the air.
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