How does water damage unpowered electronics?

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Like the title says, what are the damage mechanisms when there is no current flowing in the electronics? Additionally, what methods do hardware manufacturers use to “waterproof” electronics?

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Water, as we encounter it in our daily lives, is not just water – it’s also whatever minerals, contaminants, and detritus it picks up as it flows. Electronics are full of metals that are susceptible to corrosion when exposed to water, and even once that water is gone, all of the things that may have been in it can ruin things like integrated circuits or things with mechanical moving parts.

As far as waterproofing goes, the main goal is to limit where moisture and water can get in – outside of things fully encased in an outer shell, ‘waterproof’ is really a misnomer – water resistance is the name of the game.

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