A few different ways they can cut it off. First off rhe water starts at a well/treatment plant. Turn the pumps off and only the residual pressure resides until that’s gone and everyone is out of water.
From the main feed is a network of pipes usually looped when possible. These loops can be closed/isolated to allow work to take place without shutting others off ler se. This network is the water mains. In similar fashion of the pumps they can close gates (shutoffs) that would isolate larger sections (think whole streets or long portions 1000ft).
Then from the mains is the water service. You have a shutoff at the tap into the main called a corporation. This can he shutoff but it had to be dug up. From the corp running to your house is the service pipe. Some towns city’s install a curb box and a curb stop (inclined valve) at the city/your property line. Usually the city owns everything in the street up to the curb stop and you personally own the pipe from the curb to your house/internal water meter.
So if you wanted to shut off everyone’s water…kill the main feed. Just the neighborhood kill the gate valves on that loop. Kill just your water if you don’t pay the bill shutoff rhe curbstop…water is spewing inside the house shutoff at the meter.
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