For an electric circuit to work, electrons need to move. They need a start and an end point of sorts or a high and low point. This is whats called a potential difference. Ground can be considered a 0 point (neither positive or negative) and provides a destination for voltage to head to.
So lets say you had a 9v positive source. This is a high point for voltage (9 volts above a 0 point). The ground is 0. The electrons (in one model of electron flow… not gonna get into this though for simplicity sake) will flow from the positive point to the 0 point and through any components or “things” in the circuit. For electronic circuits, those things could be resistors, capacitors, etc. For Electrical circuits, it could be a television, light bulb, toaster etc. Point is, the electricity needs to go from point A to B for something to work. If there is no point B, or ground, the electricity has nowhere to go and just sits there
This is a REALLY REALLY simplified explanation and im sure someone else can chime in but thats the essence of it.
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