In larger cities, the tanks are a buffer. Every foot of water equals .433 psi. Most tanks are in the 120 – 140 foot height range. Water is only in the top 40 feet. So there is roughly 60 – 65 psi of water pressure. They are topped off at night with pumps. then during hot summer days, the demand is more than the tanks have. So pumps come back on at a predetermined level.
In our system, there are 8 tanks spaced across the northern part of the city. At night most of the booster station pumps come on. The water is pushed from the water plant to the first tank. When it is filled up, a pressure sensor closes off the inlet valve to that tank. Then the second inline tank is filled till its inlet valve closes, and so on down the line. There are always pumps running to keep pressure in the lines. During hot summer days, you can see the tanks going down, starting with the farthest one first. Just like a domino effect. Some areas have two tanks side by side because of high usage.
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