The physical memory in a chip is a special kind of transistor with floating gate switches that can store a charge. Depending on the chip some can do this more or less indefinitely, even with no power applied others need to have the charge continued to be applied like RAM. In most devices, 1 as a high value and a 0 as a low value. So the chip stores a whole heap of 0’s and 1’s depending on the code you sent it.
If you’re talking like a CD/DVD/BD etc a laser etches the 0’s and 1’s.
If a HDD it is magnetic regions that store 0’s and 1’s.
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