Diesel is less refined than petrol (gasoline), so in theory it’s easier to produce – and you can create a diesel equivalent from ordinary cooking oil with a little work, but consumer grade engines are often too specialised to be able to use it without issues. Military vehicles on the other hand, are build to withstand a variety…
From memory (35 years ago !) the way crude oil is processed is essentially a tall tube is filled with oil. The tube is heated at the bottom, and the oil splits into layers over the height of the tube, each layer having it’s own specific properties like tarmac, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, with the lighter grades being higher up the tube.
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