Well, one relatively simple answer (that doesn’t cover everything) is that China has a long history of centralized government, and the institutions to support that. India has had much less centralization–basically only the Mughals controlled the majority of what we now call India. And even then, their authority was only very lightly felt in the central plains and highlands.
The Chinese emperor didn’t always control the whole country, but frequently he did. Chinese culture got used to that. Ergo, China is more unified, organized and productive.
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